Scientific context
The Observatory of water and erosion in the Caribbean (ObsERA) is located in Guadeloupe, on the Basse-Terre Island into the tropical rainforest of the Basse-Terre National Park. The island is mainly composed of andesitic rocks particularly reactive and vulnerable to chemical alteration and erosion, under a humid tropical climate with a cyclonic season. ObsERA is composed of two contrasted watersheds in terms of age of the geological formation, rainfall and relief. Capesterre watershed (16,4 km2) in the South of the island is established on relatively recent terrain (600,000 to 400,000 years), with poorly developed soils and steep slopes (average altitude of 1140 m). The average annual rainfall is 5200 mm/year. The Bras-David river drains a 11,9 km2 watershed in its older terrain (1 million years), with gentler relief and with very thick ferralitic soils. The average annual rainfall is 3300 mm/year. The two rivers are torrential and characterized by flows and exports of dissolved and solid matter among the highest in the world. ObsERA studies a hot spot of alteration and erosion on Earth.
Summary
Starting year: 2005
Localisations: Guadeloupe
Keywords: erosion, tropical forest, tropical climate, volcanic lands, geological cycles
Database: http://webobsera.ipgp.fr/
Web site: http://www.ipgp.fr/en/obsera/obsera-observatory-of-water-and-erosion-in-the-caribbean
PIs : Éric Lajeunesse and Céline Dessert
Scientific questions
The goal of the ObsERA observatory is to study and quantify mechanical and chemical erosion processes, their coupling and their influence on geological and carbon cycle as well as on the environment (soil development, river chemistry…) in the context of tropical volcanic island. The role of extreme hydrological events associated with cyclones and tropical waves, and their influence on erosion rates and relief morphology is also a main question of the observatory.
To achieve its objectives, ObsERA developed new instruments (drone imagery) and new methods (in particular new isotopic tracers) for the study of sediment transport and the characterization of ecosystems.ObsErA collects long-term data to understand the establishment of soils and the development of the morphology of watersheds in a tropical climate, the residence time of materials in rivers and watersheds, the coupling between chemical and physical erosion processes (strongly active in the Caribbeans), and finally the role played by the primary tropical forest in sedimentary carbon sequestration.
Sites and measured variables
Both Capesterre and Bras David sites are instrumented with gauging and automatic sampling stations. The Quiock ravine is a sub-basin of Bras-David (0,78 km2), essentially on a thick lateritic area, highly instrumented. Variables measured are: rainfall and atmospheric depositions, flow, concentration of suspended matter, chemical composition of the river — pH, conductivity, main elements in solution, particulate and dissolved organic carbon —, chemical composition of soil solutions in the saprolite, as well as the morpho-sedimentary evolution of the riverbed (drone imagery and terrestrial Lidar).
Soil solution sampling at the Ravine Quiock site. © ObsERA 
Venturi canal, hydrological station of the Quiock ravine. © ObsERA 
Flooding at the Forest House site hydrologic station on the Bras-David River on 12/22/2016. © ObsERA
Partners and further information
ObsERA is a Service national d’observation (SNO) from INSU-CNRS with the participation from the Institute of Earth Physics of Paris (IPGP) and the OSU of Lyon. It collaborates with the Guadeloupe National Park and the Regional Directorate for Environment, Development and Housing (DREAL). It is supported by the Volcanological Observatory la Soufrière of Guadeloupe (OHSG), from University of the Antilles and Guyana, European Institute for Marine Studies (UBO) and the Laboratory of Earth Sciences, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University. It has active collaborations in particular with the observatory of the Critical Zone of Puerto Rico (Luquillo Forest Experimental Catchment).